Ingredient Archive
A definitive categorization of active compounds based on peer-reviewed dermatological consensus.
Class I / Cell Turnover
Retinoids
The gold standard. Requires enzymatic conversion to retinoic acid. Stimulates collagen production and cell turnover.
Retinol
Retinaldehyde
Tretinoin
Class I / Antioxidant
Vitamin C
Primary water-soluble antioxidant. Difficult to formulate. Protects against UV-induced free radicals.
L-Ascorbic Acid
THD Ascorbate
Class II / Barrier
Niacinamide
Vitamin B3. Highly stable. Increases ceramide synthesis and reduces sebum production.
Optimal: 2-5%
Class I+ / Protection
UV Filters
Organic (chemical) and inorganic (physical) compounds that attenuate UV radiation.
Zinc Oxide
Avobenzone
Class II / Exfoliant
AHAs
Alpha Hydroxy Acids. Water-soluble chemical exfoliants that disrupt corneocyte cohesion.
Glycolic
Lactic
Class II / Exfoliant
BHAs
Beta Hydroxy Acids. Lipid-soluble. Penetrates sebum to exfoliate within the pore lining.
Salicylic Acid